🦥 OOP Pillar #4: Polymorphism For Dummies

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} is an animal."

class Dog(Animal):
    #Method overriding - we're redefining the method
    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} is a dog."
        #inherited the self.name from the Animal class

class Cat(Animal):
    #Method overriding - we're redefining the method
    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} is a cat." 
        #inherited the self.name from the Animal class
  

# Usage
animal = Animal("goofy", 5)
dog = Dog("Buddy", 10)
cat = Cat("Whiskers", 5)
print(animal.speak()) # Output: Animal is an animal.
print(dog.speak())  # Output: Buddy is a dog.
print(cat.speak())  # Output: Whiskers is an cat.

class Animal {
    String name;
    int age;

    public Animal(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String speak() {
        return name + " is an animal.";
    }
}


class Dog extends Animal {
    
    public Dog(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age); //Allows us to access parent class info.
    }

    //  Method overriding - we're redefining the method
    public String speak() {
        return name + " is a dog.";
    }
}

// Subclass/Child class
class Cat extends Animal {
    
    public Cat(String name, int age) {
        super(name, age); //Allows us to access parent class info.
    }
    // Method overriding - we're redefining the method
    public String speak() {
        return name + " is a cat.";
    }
}

// Usage
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         // Usage
        Animal animal = new Animal("goofy", 5)
        Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy", 10);
        Cat cat = new Cat("Whiskers", 5);
        System.out.println(animal.speak());
        // Output: goofy is an animal.
        System.out.println(cat.speak());
        // Output: Whiskers is a cat.
        System.out.println(dog.speak()); 
        // Output: Buddy is an animal.
        System.out.println(cat.speak());     
        // Output: Whiskers is an animal.

    }
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

// Base class
class Animal {
  public:
    string name;
    int age;

    Animal(string name, int age) : name(name), age(age) {}

    void speak() {
      cout << name << " is an animal.\n";
    }
};

// Derived class
class Dog : public Animal {
  public:
    Dog(string name, int age) : Animal(name, age) {}

    void speak() {
      cout << name << " is a dog.\n";
    }
};

// Derived class
class Cat : public Animal {
  public:
    Cat(string name, int age) : Animal(name, age) {}

    void speak() {
      cout << name << " is a cat.\n";
    }
};

int main() {
    Animal animal("Goofy", 5);
    Dog dog("Buddy", 10);
    Cat cat("Whiskers", 5);

    animal.speak(); // Output: Goofy is an animal
    dog.speak();    // Output: Buddy is a dog
    cat.speak();    // Output: Whiskers is a cat

    return 0;
}

nearest_vowel("b") 
output = "a" # closest vowel is a
nearest_vowel("s") 
output = "u" # closest vowel is u
nearest_vowel("c")
output = "a" # closest vowel is a
nearest_vowel("i")
output = "i" # i is a vowel, so return itself